Iso Standards and Tqm

commission ON TQM, EQM AND ISO INTRODUCTION Environment whitethorn be broadly understood to stiff our environs. It kitty be divided into non- livelihood and living comp angiotensin-converting enzyments. The Environment forgets re roots which support conduct on the earth and which similarly serve in the growth of a relationship of convert between living organisms and the environs in which they live. ISO What? ISO (Inter national Organization for standardization) is the k forthwithledge proves largest developer and publisher of external Standards. ISO is a non-governmental organization that defecates a bridge between the normal and private sectors.On the one hand, galore(postnominal) of its extremity institutes argon phonation of the governmental structure of their countries, or atomic way out 18 slicedated by their government. On the fresh(prenominal) hand, other members have their roots uniquely in the private sector, having been strike clear up up by nationa l slicenerships of industry associations. The organizations logos in its twain official languages, English and French, hold the word ISO. The organization adopted ISO found on the Greek word isos ( ), implication equal. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization to accumulate and normalize across cultures. HISTORY ISO is the sphere largest standards growth organization. Founded on 23rd February, 1947, it has its home office in Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1947 and the attest day, ISO has produce more(prenominal) than 18000 world(prenominal) Standards, ranging from standards for activities much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as agriculture and construction, through windup(prenominal) engineering, to medical devices, to the newest information engine room cultivations. ISO was natural from the union of two organizations the ISA (International Federation of the opened atomic number 18a Standardizing Associations).Established in New York in 1926, a nd the UNSCC (United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee), established in 1944 WHO rat JOIN ISO? Membership of ISOis render to national standards institutes close to representative of standardization in their country (one member in for all(prenominal) one(prenominal) country). ISO has trine membership categories ? Member Bodies They be national bodies that be considered to be the most representative standards body in each country. These ar the only members of ISO that have pick emerge secures. ? Subscriber members They argon countries with sm affixly economies.They present repressd membership fees, just plunder follow the outgrowth of standards. Participating members ar called P members as opposed to observing members which be called O members. ? Correspondent members They atomic number 18 countries that do non have their get standards organization. These members argon informed ab come out of the clo put together ISOs puddle, and do not participate in standards promulgation. ISO is a net naturalize of the national standards institutes of 159 countries, out of the 203 supply countries in the world, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system of rules. near of the ISO members atomic number 18 INDIA, US, HONDURAS, LESOTHO, MACAU, NAMIBIA. How ISO standards atomic number 18 genuine ? ISO standards atomic number 18 certain according to the avocation dogmas. ? Consensus ? Industry vast ? Voluntary wherefore standards matter Standards make an enormous and peremptory contri onlyion to most aspects of our lives. Standards ensure sexually attractive characteristics of point of intersections and function such as ? flavour ? Environmental friendliness ? Safety ? dependableness ? Efficiency ? Inter channelizeabilityWhen reapings and services extend to our expectations, we tend to cover this for granted and be unawargon of the map of standards. However, whe n standards ar absent, we curtly notice. We soon care when products turn out to be of poor prime(a), do not fit, are incompatible with equipment that we already have, are unreliable or dangerous. When products, systems, machinery and devices incline swell and safely, it is often beca role they attend standards. Andthe organization prudentfor many thousands of the standards which benefit the world isISO. When standards are absent, we soon notice. What standards do? ISO standards ? make the development, manufacturing and communicate of products and servicesmore competent, safer and cleaner ? despatch craftinessbetween countries and make itf circulateer ? allow for governments with a technical base forhealth, rubber and environmental legislation, and shape perspicacity ? copetechnological advances and good concern recital ? disseminateinnovation ? safeguard consumers, and mappingrs in general, of products and services ? make life simpler by providingsolutionsto co mmon fusss Who standards benefitISO standards provide technological, stinting and societal benefits. ? For condescensiones, the widespread ad pick of International Standards authority that suppliers merchantman develop and passing products and services tingeing circumstantialations that have wide internationalististic acceptance in their sectors. Therefore, bank linees victimization International Standards stub compete on many more securities industrys around the world. ? Forinnovatorsof new technologies, International Standards on aspects corresponding terminology, compatibility and resort speed up the dissemination of innovations and their development into manufacturable and marke fudge products. Forcustomers, the worldwide compatibility of technology which is achieved when products and services are establish on International Standards gives them abroad choiceof offers. They also benefit from the effectuate of competitionamong suppliers. Forconsumers, conformity of p roducts and services to International Standards provides trust around their lumber, gumshoe and reliability. ? Fortrade officials, International Standards crapa train playing line of merchandisefor all competitors on those commercialises. The existence of antithetical national or regional standards flowerpot create technical barriers to trade.International Standards are the technical means by which semipolitical trade agreements can be coiffe into practice. ? Fordeveloping countries, International Standards that represent an international consensus on the state of the art are an measurable source oftechnological distinguish-how. By defining the characteristics that products and services result be expected to meet on merchandise markets, International Standards give developing countries a basis for making the right decisionswhen come out their scarce resources and thus avoid waste them. For allone, International Standards contribute to the tone of lifein general by ensuring that the transport, machinery and marionettes we pulmonary tuberculosis are safe. ? Forthe intentetwe inhabit, International Standards on air, piddle and scandal choice, on expellings of gun for hirees and actinotherapy and environmental aspects of products can contribute to efforts to carry on the environment. Examples of the benefits standards provide ? solves therepair and maintenanceproblems cause by a lack of standardization that were erst a major(ip) headache for manufacturers ? Standards establishing an international consensus nterminologymake technology transfer easier and safer. ? Consensus on grades of respective(a) materials gives acommon referencefor suppliers and clients in employment dealings. ? Agreement on a qualified number of variations of a product to meet most current applications allowseconomies of scalewith apostrophize benefitsfor twain producers and consumers. An lawsuit is the standardization of penning sizes. ? Standardization ofp erformance or safety getmentsof diverse equipment makes sure that users needs are met while allowing individual manufacturers the freedom to propose their own solution on how to meet those needs. Standardizedcomputer protocolsallow products from different vendors to talk to each other. Advantages of ISO ? Implementing ISO has following advantages ? make a more efficient, in force(p) cognitive process ? Increase customer satisfaction and guardianship ? Reduce audits ? Enhance marketing ? cleanse employee motivation, awareness, and morale ? Promote international trade ? Increases profit ? Reduce waste and growings productivity The need for International Standards is very important as more organizations live on in the planetary economy by change or buying products and services from sources extraneous their domestic market. Disadvantages of ISO ? Does not guarantee collapse tone ISO testimony definitely does not automatically lead to better whole step product. While it does encourage operations to remember in terms of systems, it does not require them to be good. ? Focus on security ? Frequent audits Full system audits every three years with annual superintendence audits. ISO 9000 ISO 9000 is a family of standards for fiber instruction systems. ISO 9000 is keep by ISO and is administered by accreditation and certification bodies. The rules are updated, as the requirements motivate changes over time.Some of the requirements in ISO 90012008 entangle a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business proctoring processes to ensure they are effective keeping adequate records checking widening for defects, with appropriate and corrective action on a regular basis reappraisaling individual processes and the persona system itself for military capability and facilitating continual advantage ISO 90012000 What does it mean in the supply chain? ISO 90012000 is an international standard that gives requirements for an organization s timbre concern body (QMS).The accusatory of ISO 90012000 is to provide a set of requirements that ordain provide say-so that the supplier can consistently provide goods and services that ? Meet needs and expectations and ? respect with applicable commandments How can you have cartel that your supplier meets ISO 90012000? There are various ways in which your supplier can claim that its QMS meets the requirements of ISO 90012000. These include ? Suppliers declaration of conformity suppliers inhering audit system, or on second party or deuce-ace party audits Second party assessment check if its QMS meets ISO 90012000 requirements and your own requirements sometimes utilize in contractual business-to-business transactions ? thirdly party assessment (Often referred to as certification or registration) CASE cultivation KERALA imbed OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS),is a 450-bed multi peculiar(a)ty Hospital which has been awarded the ISO 9001 2000 certificate for a high-end cardiac cauterization laboratory, hi-tech operation theatres, a 24-hour emergency department, CT scan, facility for open heart surgery, blood bank, neurology and neuro-surgery departments. step and accreditation are prominent strategies adopted by KIMS to ensure world-class treatment at third-world prices. KIMS has acquired ISO 9001 2000 certificate from BSI Group. ISO 12000 Plastics/rubber Polymer dispersions and rubber (natural and synthetic) Definitions and follow of test methods ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 family addresses Environmental way. This means what the organization does to ? minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, and to ? hit continual cleansement of its environmental performance.TheISO14000is a standard forenvironmental managementsystems that is applicable to any business. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to come down the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 serial of norms is to crowd more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems found on the scoop general practices.TheISO14000is a standard forenvironmental managementsystems that is applicable to any business, deferenceless of size, location or income. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations andto provide effectual and usable utensils like cost effective, system- found, tensile tools that help organizations in gatherong environment associate to information.It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practi ces, in the aforesaid(prenominal) way that the ISO 9000 series on prize management systems represents a tool for technology transfer of the best available quality management practices The two major standards under ISO 14000 ? ISO 140012004 ? SO 140042004 phone line benefits of ISO 14000 ? reduced cost of waste management ? savings in consumption of sinew and materials ? lower distribution costs ? meliorate incorporated image among regulators, customers and the public textile for continual remedyment of environmental performance. ? In the globular economy CASE STUDY Copley Square Hotel A prominent hotel created an high-pressure environmental political program that provides a invertebrate foot for ISO 14001 registration. vigour handling Reduction ? Energy efficient lighting was installed in public areas ? Install compact fluorescent bulbs in guest room table lamps , suspension lamps and back areas ? Remind employees to turn off all energy use devices that are not being used. body of water office Reduction ? Installing toilets with 1. 5 gallon capacity, replacing ones with 3. gallon capacity leave save $3,276 and 430,000 gallons annually. ? Showerheads of greater efficiency will save $6,546 and 859,000 gallons annually. ? Guest have been offered the option of reusing their towels and linens when staying more than one night. Comments Some of the reasons the program has been successful are ? Everyone in the hotel participates in the program and can contribute from at bottom their job responsibilities. ? Small savings are as important as bragging(a) ones. CASE STUDY NOKIA ISO 14001 standard is used to control and manage the environmental aspects of Nokias occupation sites and large offices.Nokia has a corporate level ISO 14001 certificate in place for all manufacturing sites. Whats the difference between ISO 9001 and ISO 14001? ISO 9001 contains a set of requirements for implementing a flavour trouble System and ISO 14001 for anEnvironmental watchfulness System ISO 90012000 and ISO 140012004 have sustain thoroughly compound with the world economy. ISO 90012000 (the transition to ISO 90012008 is now fand so forthing place) is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance approximately the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations.ISO 140012004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. In the global economy ISO 90012000 and ISO 140012004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 90012000 is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance well-nigh the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 140012004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. ISO 16000-12004 is intended to charge the planning of interior(a) pollution monitoring. beforehand a sampling str ategy is devised for indoor air monitoring, it is requisite to clarify for what roles, when, where, how often and over what periods of time monitoring is to be performed. The answers to these questions depend, in particular, on a number of special characteristics of the indoor environments, on the objective of the measurement and, finally, on the environment to be measured. ISO 16000-12004 deals with the significance of these factors and offers suggestions on how to develop a suitable sampling strategy.ISO 16000-12004 is applicable to indoor environments such as dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, homemade rooms, recreation rooms and cellars, kitchens and bathrooms workrooms or work places in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to air pollutants (for example, offices, sales premises) public buildings (for example hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres, cinemas and other function rooms) , and also cabins of vehicles. in vogue(p) ISO(152702008) On Plastic RecyclingPlastics imbibelines for the retrieval and recycling of plastics waste. The standard has been developed to sanction all plastics industry stakeholders in the development of ? A sustainable global basis for plastics convalescence and recycling Establishes the different options for the convalescence of plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. The standard assists in the filling of methodologies and processes for the management of post-use plastics that may be approached using various strategies. ? A sustainable market for recovered plastics materials and their derived manufactured products.Plastics material for recovery may be obtained from various sources and the major markets for plastics are packaging, building and construction products, electric and electronic products, automotive/transportation, and household/consumer items. ISO promotes role of International Standard s in tackling climate change at COP15 ISO International Standards can help fight climate change by providing a basis for ensuring trust, integrity and effective management in the quantification, measurement and validation of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts, and working tools for the development of energy efficiency and substitute(a) energy sources.These messages were underlined by ISO at COP15, the fifteenth conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held on 7-18 declination 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ISO Guide 642008 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards It proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle analysis, in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts caused by products. The Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards, advance them to locate and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts coll igated to the product under consideration, ? Determine when it is practicable and when it is not possible to deal with an environmental issue through a product standard. TQM What? an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services through the participation of all levels of organization, especially for the benefit of the customers COMPONENTS OF THE MODEL ? timber Policy and parley If an organization is to project implementing TQM, a sound quality constitution is a fundamental requirement.The TQM foundation consists of strategic quality management, executive leadership and a continuous focus on consumer. This mustinessiness be clearly stated, documented and communicated, as a quality policy to each and every employee of the organization in an considerably understood language. The next step is to clearly define the key objectives and quality goals that must be achieved if the company has to realize its vision. ? aggroup Work and Participation From tim e to time, Indian industry has realized the importance of twain Team Work and Participative vigilance.To institutionalize both the concept s of team work ad participation, Cross functional concern Teams, Quality Circles and Suggestion Systems have to be formed. This has indeed been done in organizations like THERMAX, ALFA LEVEL, NLC, BHEL, SAIL, MADRAS CEMENTS, MODI XEROX, and SONA STEERING SYSTEMS ? Problem solving Tools and Techniques whizz very common approach of problem solving is use of Deming Cycle, which is reproduced below As shown in the cycle, the Planning Stage will primarily involve defining a Quality mission, getting the organization relevant data, and going in for experiments in quality.And when we do something (Stage Two), the effects or results are go over in stage three. Recognizing people and reward them and changing processes form the of the essence(p) travel of stage four ? Standardization Standardization is a management tool for encouraging and securing optimum utilization o resources and supreme efficiency of operations through form-only(prenominal) establishment of the most suitable, pre-determined, solutions and answers to recurring problems and needs. proficient specifications in design, procurement, production and control are company standards.Similarly, administrative specifications in control and management, which may deal with products, processes, methods, materials, parts, etc. , are also company standards. ? Design and slaying of Quality System Standardization can be attained through ISO-9000 certification. ISO -9000 is not product standard, but it is Quality Systems Standard. It is a practical standard for a Quality system. There are four Quality System Standards as shown in the table ? Quality costs and measurements Contrary to familiar belief high quality is not high cost.If things are done right the first time, tremendous savings in cost can be obtained. almost 10 25 % of the sales gross is being spent by manuf acturing companies callable to poor quality. Hence, calculating the cost of quality is a must. ? Quality audit and review It is conducted by people who have no direct responsibility for performance and is forever and a day an independent examination to compare disposed aspects of quality performance with standards or specifications. Hence, an internal quality system should be developed for addressing customer requirements and complaints as well as internal quality problems. Process restrict If processes are controlled properly, deficiencies are not with product and process control gives feedback for initiating necessary action. ? node supplier integration Effective integration between customer and supplier identifies rough-cut needs and fulfilling expectations becomes easier. ? Education and learn Today, Indian companies that have implemented TQM spends thousands of rupees in preparing employees and educating them on various aspects of quality improvement. Principles of TQM ? CUSTOMER cogitateONLY customers determine the level of quality , what ever you do to foster quality improvement , training employees , integrating quality into processes management , ONLY customers determine whether your effort were worthwhile ? EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Removing fear from work place by providing the proper environment ? PROCESS CENTERED Fundamental part of TQM is to focus on Process thinking. ? unified SYSTEM All employee must know business mission and vision, must monitor the process . an integrated business system may be modeled by ISO 9000. ? STRATEGIC APPROACH Strategic plan must integrate quality as core component. CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT apply analytical and creative thinking in takeing ways to become more effective. ? FACT BASED DECISION devising Decision making must be ONLY on data, not person-to-person thinking or situational. ? COMMUNICATION Communication strategy, method and timeliness must be well delineate. Chain Reaction of TQM ? make better Quali ty ? Improve Productivity ? reduction costs ? Decrease prices ? Increase market ? Stay in Business ? propose More jobs ? Return on investment funds Demings Fourteen Points ? Constancy of purpose ? Drive out fear ? perish Exhortations ? Encourage education Institute training on the job ? Improve every process ? End lowest proffer contracts ? The New philosophy ? Institute leaders ? Cease dependence on inspection ? Break down barriers ? Eliminate absolute numerical targets ? Permit haughtiness of wiliness ? Top managements inscription IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF TQM ? Customer-driven quality ? Top management leadership ? and commitment ? Continuous improvement ? Fast response ? Actions based on facts ? Employee participation ? A TQM culture. BENEFITS OF TQM ? Increased pride of workmanship among individual workers ? Increased prep Improved sustainability ? Greater mission survivability ? let out justification for budgets ? Streamlined maintenance and production processes Many c ompanies have difficulties in implementing TQM. Surveys by consulting firms have found that only 20 36 % of companies that have undertaken TQM have achieved every significant or even concrete improvements in quality, productivity, competitiveness or pecuniary return. As a result many people are skeptical about TQM. However, when you look at successful companies you find a much higher function of successful TQM implementation.Why ISO 9000 Should Be a Companys Guidepost, And Not TQM The ISO-9000 quality standard and total quality management (TQM) is both necessary for any organization to become world class. But ISO is far superior because it offers a set of guidelines for quality management and can stand alone, while TQM can not. The reasons are ? While ISO-9000 is a clearly defined system, TQM is a philosophy ? ISO-9000 is preventive. TQM is remedial. ? TQM is aimed at identifying the causes of quality problems and eliminating them TQM is not quality management but process manage ment the process of improvement.ISO-9000 is total quality management ? While ISO-9000 requires reenforcement and record keeping, there is no such requirement in TQM ? One of the superlative features of ISO-9000 is that it is self-policing EQM Various countries, 8 including India, have set up standards with specify the limit pf expelling of various pollutants that are permitted in specific media i. e. air or water. They may take the firm of emission standards, or relate to the content of products in food, or phosphates in detergents. Environmental Quality Management includes Management of Air Quality The air quality standards are prescribed by important POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD. They provide decimal limits within which the pollutants may be present in the environment. There are three types of standards ? Emission standards they are the maximm sufferable level of a pollutant that are permissible to send the chimney of an industry or the thermal power plant ? Immission stand ards it specifies the ambient air quality i. e. the amount of various pollutants that are tolerable in space surrounding the source of generation Vehicular emission standards they have been prescribed recently, it specifies the maximum tolerable limit of the various pollutants that are allowed to get down the exhaust of an automobile ? Management of water quality Water quality management involves multidisciplinary approach in which the required water quality is related to municipal, industrial and boorish requirements. Water quality standards are based on two standards ? Stream standards It is based on the beneficial uses of water which fixes the limen value of specific pollutants permissible in the water required for various uses.As specified by Central defilement Control Board in 1979. It states that swallow water should have a borderline of 6 mg/1 fade out oxygen and a maximum of 2mg/1 of Biological oxygen demand. ? Effluent standards They are based on the maximum conce ntration of a pollutant of maximum pollution fill discharged into receiving water. In India under the Water Pollution Control Act enacted in 1974, effluent standards, based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant (mg/1) have been prescribed. ? Management of land It is essential to improve man quality to grow more and to meet the increasing demands for food and other essential agricultural items.Large scale use of fertilizers is not advisable. Chemical fertilizers can improve soil and land quality but they are costly. Various ways to improve land quality are ? innate farming organic fertilizers in the form of biomass not only provide nutrients to soil but also enrich humous content. Biomass is used as fuel in the form of dung cakes agricultural residues etc. ? Mixed cropping under this leguminous and non-leguminous crops are grown together in the same area in a entangled pattern. It always the crop to derive nutrients from the soil. Use of helophytes excessive irrigation l eads to salinisation of soils rendering it useless for agriculture. Thus, special plants known as halophytes are grown, which are tolerant to salinity. These plants improve the soil condition. ? Ariel seeding packets containing seeds on with little fertilizers are sprayed from aircrafts and they are leftfield togrow undisturbed. This mproves the performance of degraded land ? bring in use planning for maintaining the land quality excessive irrigation should be avoided, proper avenues for drain and mixed cropping should be practiced.The positive roles vie in globalization by ISOs standards for quality and environmental management systems include the following ? a unifying base for global businesses and supply chains such as the automotive and oil and gas sectors ? a technical support for regulation as, for example, in the medical devices sector) ? a tool for major new economic players to increase their participation in global supply chains, in export trade and in business pr ocess outsourcing ? a tool for regional integration as shown by their adoption by new or potential members of the European Union in the rise of services in the global economy nearly 32% of ISO 90012000 certificates and 29% of ISO 140012004 certificates in 2007 went to organizations in the service sectors, and ? in the transfer of good practice to developing countries and transition economies Presented by Aditya jhunjhunwala (09) Rashmi tigga (10) Sukanya gupta (11) Spriha agarwal (24) Rimika mittal (25) Shrutee parasramka (27) Niharika khaitan (31) Priyanka gupta (34) Srimoyee dasgupta (45) Bhumika kotecha (48) Neha malpani (59)